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Activated carbon is made of high-quality coal, wood chips, fruit shells, coconut shells, and other materials, refined with advanced process equipment. The production process of activated carbon is roughly divided into carbonization→cooling→activation→washing and other refined methods. The shape of the finished product of activated carbon production can be roughly divided into granular, columnar, powder, and so on.
There are two methods of activated carbon production, chemical activation and physical activation.
The chemical activation method is to prepare activated carbon by uniformly mixing various carbon-containing raw materials and chemicals, and then undergoing processes such as carbonization, activation, recovery of chemicals, rinsing, and drying at a certain temperature.
Phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, potassium carbonate, polyphosphoric acid and phosphoric acid ester can all be used as activating reagents. Although the chemical reactions that occur are different, some have erosion, hydrolysis or dehydration effects on raw materials. Some have an oxidation effect, but these chemicals can all have a certain promotion effect on the activation of raw materials, and the most commonly used activators are phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide.
The activation principle of the chemical activation method is not very clear. It is generally believed that the chemical activator has the effect of eroding and dissolving cellulose, and can decompose and decompose the hydrogen and oxygen contained in the hydrocarbons in the raw material, and form small molecules such as H2O and CH4. escape, resulting in a large number of pores. In addition, chemical activators can inhibit the formation of tar by-products and prevent tar from clogging the pores generated during pyrolysis, thereby improving the yield of activated carbon.
The physical method is usually also called the gas activation method, which is to combine the carbonized raw material with water vapor, flue gas (a mixture of water vapor, CO2, N2, etc.), CO or air at a high temperature of 800-1000 ° C. Contact, thereby carrying out the process of activation reaction. The basic process of the physical activation method mainly includes carbonization, activation, impurity removal, crushing (ball milling), refining and other processes. The preparation process is clean and the liquid phase pollution is less.
